Collagen is the most abundant protein in human body, contributing 33% of the total protein, accounts for 75% of skin’s dry weight. It is essential to our health as it forms building block of body structures include skin, connective tissues, tendons, bones and cartilage¹.
Type-II collagen is the main structural protein presents in cartilage and other types of connective tissues. Nearly half of all the protein in the body’s joint cartilage is type-II collagen. Most of this type of collagen is derived from chicken sternal cartilage. It can be categorised into denatured (hydrolysed, broken down into smaller peptides) and undenatured (non-hydrolysed, collagen in its biological active form) with different properties. Hydrolysed collagen is also known as collagen hydrolysate.
OA is a chronic, painful and inflammatory disease characterised by chronic joint pain, stiffness, inflexibility, swelling, narrowing of joint spaces, and formation of osteophytes and lameness³⁻⁸. Taking 2g of type-II collagen daily for 70 days has significantly improved OA-associated symptoms and pain reduction in knee and/or hip joint as measured by visual analogue scale (VAS) pain assessment and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) scores⁹. Significant enhancement in knee joint function, daily activities and quality of life are reported with daily dose of 40mg of type-II collagen in 90 to 120 days¹⁰⁻¹¹. Type-II collagen is believed to stimulate the activation of immune cells to produce anti-inflammatory mediators (cytokines) such as the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), interleukin 4 (IL-4) and interleukin 10 (IL-10) and thus helps to improve joint inflammation and promotes cartilage repair¹²⁻¹³.
A significant improvement in the stiffness and joint pain is observed in patients with severe RA patients after daily administration of 10mg of type-II collagen for 42 days¹⁴. It plays an important role in reduction of the expression of several pro-inflammatory cytokines².
Daily intake of 10mg (in combination with 150mg of n-enriched tetrahydro iso-α acids (THIAA) and 40mg of type-II collagen has significantly improved the average knee extension and lessen joint pain compared to placebo in 84 to 120 days¹⁵⁻¹⁶.
Type-II collagen is generally well tolerated for most people when used in short-term. The most common adverse reactions may occur in some people include abdominal pain, constipation, nausea and vomiting.
Typical doses used in clinical trials at dose up to 40mg daily for up to 24 weeks.
Type-II collagen might cause allergies for those who are allergic to other types of collagen.
Safety data on pregnancy and breastfeeding have not been established.
Type-II collagen is generally well tolerated for most people when used in short-term. The most common adverse reactions may occur in some people include abdominal pain, constipation, nausea and vomiting.
Typical doses used in clinical trials at dose up to 40mg daily for up to 24 weeks.
Type-II collagen might cause allergies for those who are allergic to other types of collagen.
Safety data on pregnancy and breastfeeding have not been established.
The material is prepared for informational purposes only and should not be construed as a piece of personal medical advice. Owing to each person’s varying health needs, a physician should be consulted before acting on any information provided in this material. Although every effort is made to ensure that this material is accurate, it is compiled for internal use only and should not be considered definitive. Neither VitaHealth nor its employees, or information providers shall be responsible or liable for any errors, inaccuracies, or other defects in the information contained in this publication.
L-theanine is a unique water-soluble non-protein amino acid with structure resembles that of L-glutamate acid. It is predominantly present naturally in tea, Camellia sinensis or
